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FRACTALS

Fractals are patterns generated mathematically thru simple and recursive algorithms, where a pattern is usually generated iteratively, replicating itself but in a smaller version These geometric patterns are usually fragmented and rough, but usually aesthetic looking, and appears like an artistic work.  The geometry of nature, such as patterns of coastlines, land relief or mountain ranges, are usually closely related to geometry of fractals.  Other natural objects that approximate fractals to a degree include clouds, lightning bolts, and snow flakes.  Therefore, fractals provide a method to describe nature mathematically. 

The term "Fractals" was coined by Benoît Mandelbrot in 1975, who made extensive studies on Fractals.  It came from the Latin word "fractus" meaning "broken" or "fractured."  Fractal shapes are too irregular to be easily described in traditional Euclidean geometric language.  A fractal exhibits a fine structure at arbitrarily small scales.  Fractals are often considered to be infinitely complex, and exhibits a property called self-similarity where they appear similar at all scales or levels of magnification.
 

One of the well-known fractal set of points is the Mandelbrot Set discovered by Mandelbrot.

 

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